2. Fluid Characteristics.ppt

Fluid Handling Basics Fluid Characteristics Newtonian Non-Newtonian Fluids Specific Gravity Viscosity Chemical Compatibility Newtonian/Non-Newtonian Fluids Newtonian Fluids (Oils) Viscosity is constant with a change in shear rate Rate of shear varies based on the pumping technology selected and other system piping and components Non-Newtonian Fluids (Grease) Viscosity is not constant with a change in shear rate Grease decreases in viscosity as rate of shear increases - thixotropic fluid Specific Gravity Ratio of weight of a fluid to weight of an equal volume of water Specific Gravity of Fluid A = 80lbs./62.4 lbs.(water) = 1.282 40 kg / 31.2kg (water) = 1.282 Specific Gravity of Lube Fluids Viscosity Definition: A measurement of a fluids resistance to flow at a given temperature or simply stated, it’s how thick or thin the fluid is at a given temperature Viscosity can be changed using: temperature (warm reduces and cold increases viscosity) cold materials require more pressure than warmer materials solvents (change S.G. as well) shear CAUTION: Check with material suppliers before adding heat, especially with grease Oils become separated from the base component of the grease which can impact the performance of the grease Oil Viscosity Measurement Oil is commonly measured in Saybolt Universal Seconds (SSU/SUS), or Centistokes (cSt) Graco converts this information to Centipoise when calculating frictional pressure loss. Additional Viscosity Conversion Consult the Lubrication Equipment Technical Data Book (302-395) This form is located on this CD Note: Only a portion of chart is shown here Oil Viscositys in Centipoise Grease Viscositys NLGI (National Lubricating Grease Institute) Grease numbers refer to their ability to penetrate through a cone shaped die Soft grease penetrates easier than stiff greases (i.e., NLGI 000 is softest, and NLGI 6 is the stiffest) Most common grease used is NLGI #2 Grease is non-newtonian so will decrease in viscosi