Plants.pptVIP

Plants Plants are: Terrestrial (land-dwelling)陆生的 Autotrophic Multicellular eukaryotes Plants closely related to aquatic algae (Charophyceans) 475 million years ago Fig. 16.7 Coleochaete Shallow edges of ponds Can withstand drying The transition from water to land presented several challenges…. Evolutionary “walk” onto land =adaptive baby steps Support? Water/nutrients? Reproduction? Water Loss? Bryophytes苔藓植物 Mosses very early/ primitive land plants No vascular维管的 system ? must remain small- close to H2O No cuticle, no seeds (spores) completely dependent on water for fertilization/ reproduction 1. Seedless Nonvascular Peat: Burned for fuel (heating) Smoky flavor in Scotch whisky Ferns蕨 evolved after mosses adapted to slightly drier environment vascular system cuticle, no seeds (spores孢子) partially dependent on water to reproduce 2. Seedless Vascular Sporangia: Spore-producing bodies Gymnosperms裸子植物 (Conifers) Angiosperms被子植物 (flowering plants) Seed-bearing Vascular Seed-bearing Vascular Protect embryos from desiccation脱水 and other hazards. Bear ovules within protective chambers called ovaries. VASCULAR SYSTEM = “fluid transport” system consists of 2 parts: xylem phloem Xylem木质部 carries water and nutrients from roots to leaves Hollow tubes 空心管 -arranged end to end -Dead at maturity Tracheids管胞 Vessel elements 导管分子 Water moves upward from the roots through the xylem. Water is able to move up to the top of the tree because of… Hydrogen bonds! (COHESION) H20 H20 H20 H20 H20 H20 Phloem韧皮部 carries glucose from leaves and distributes to rest of plant Carries the “food” for the plant living tissue Arranged end to end like tubes Sugar source Sugar sink Pass the Phloem Sap, Please….. Sugar, Red and Black Maples Early Spring sap collected (2-3% sucrose) Sap boiled until concentration = 65-75% sugar Takes between 30-50 L of sap to make 1 L of syrup! Flowering Plant Lifecycles Annual – germinates, flowers, set seeds an