Chapter3 photosynthesis.ppt

3.2.1.3 Photosynthetic electron transport pathways (1) Non-cyclic electron transport Photosynthetic electrons are transported in photosynthetic chain (H2O…→PSII…→ PSI…→ NADP). Results: O2 evolving, NADPH2 and ATP formation， 70% of total photosynthetic electron transport。 (2) Cyclic electron transport PSI …→ … PSI ，only generate ATP, ~ 30% ,for supplementary of ATP. 3.2.2 Water photolysis and oxygen evolving Hill reaction (1939)。With the isolated chloroplasts and artificial electron acceptors (ferricyanide), light-driven reduction of the electron acceptors was accompanied by O2 evolution. 3.2.3 Photophosphorylation A process, in which generation of ATP by using ADP and Pi is accompanied with photosynthetic electron transport, is called Photophosphorylation (PSP). Non-cyclic PSP, cyclic PSP and Pseudo-cyclic PSP。 3.3.3 C4 photosynthetic pathway 1960s, H.P. Kortschack: sugarcane Y. Karpilov: maize 14CO2 ——primary product ——C4 dicarboxylic acid. Hatch Slack identified primary product-OAA, a C4 dicarboxylic acid---------------------Hatch-Slack pathway。 C4 plants with both C3 and C4 pathway. 7500 species，~ 3% of land plants。Most gramineous weeds. Crops: maize, sorghum, millet, sugarcane and tricolor etc. 3.3.4 Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) pathway CAM plants: CAM pathway + C3 pathway. 20000-30000 species adapt to dry-hot conditions. Succulent (肉质植物)or semi-succulent: Family Crassulaceae(景天科), Cactaceae（仙人掌科）， Euphorbiaceae（大戟科）, Polypodiaceae, Welwitscbia. 3.3.3.1 CO2 Fixation——in mesophyll cell。  PEP + HCO3- → OAA + Pi (PEP carboxylase) 3.3.3.2 CO2 transfer ： Reduction：OAA + NADPH + 2H+ → Mal + NADP+ Aminate： OAA + Glu → Asp 3.3.3.3 Decaboxylation： (in BSC) a. NADP-ME: Mal →Pyr + CO2 (in chloroplast) b. NAD-ME: Asp →OAA→ Mal→ Pyr + CO2 (in mitochondria)