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European Culture -- An Introduction d. Contending Schools of Thoughts Sophists, who were teachers of the art of arguing. The most eminent of them was Protagoras, born about 500 B.C., who wrote a book On the Gods. He is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “ man is the measure of all the things.” In the 4th century B.C., four schools of philosoph- ers often argued with each other. They were the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans and the Stoics. The Cynics, leader named Diogenes, he rejected all the conventions, and advocated self-sufficiency and extreme simplicity in life. He lived by begg