第 3 讲：语法识补充与四级真题练习.docVIP

第三讲：语法知识补充与四级真题练习 ———————————————————————————————————————————— 一、非谓语动词 ● 动词不定式 (bare) infinitive ● 动名词 gerund (doing, being done, having done) 动词、名词性 ● 分词：现在分词present participle (doing, being done, having done, having been done) 和过去分词 past participle 动词、形容词、副词性 不定式和动名词做宾语 （1）后接二者做宾语的动词 a. 没有差别 like, love, hate, begin, continue, b. 有差别 forget, remember, regret, try, mean, stop （2） 只能接一种的动词 a. 只能接不定式 agree, aim, ask, attempt, decide, determine, demand, desire, expect, intend, manage, order, pretend, promise, want b. 只能接动名词 advise, appreciate, avoid, finish, enjoy, suggest, recommend, admit, consider, mind, resist, give up, put off, keep on, can’t help, require, need, want 2. 后接不带to的不定式 （1）感官、使役动词 see, notice, watch, hear, let, make, feel, look at, listen to, (help) doing or do （2）其他 had better, would rather, prefer … rather than, why not. 3. 不定式做宾语补足语 allow, ask, cause, command, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, oblige, order, permit, request, require, tell, urge, want 4. 动名词的复合结构 one’s doing Do you mind opening the door? Do you mind my opening the door? I appreciate your coming to see me. 5. 分词的差别和选用 （1）差别 现在分词 主动 正在进行 过去分词 被动 已经完成 （2）选用（首先应用一个简单句只能有一个独立的谓语这一原则） a. 看其与逻辑主语之间的关系 b. 意义 6. 独立主格结构 特点：分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 Weather permitting, we will go fishing. There being many people over there, something must have happened. 往年四级题 Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ___ to the outside world. having been lost B. to be lost C. losing D. lost 2. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ____ what to do and what not to do. being told B. telling C. to be told D. to tell 3. What a lovely party! It’s worth ____ all my life. A. remembering B. to remember C. to be remembered D. being remembered 4