家蝇幼虫养殖与利用.docVIP

家蝇幼虫养殖与利用 摘 要 家蝇幼虫已被广泛养殖与利用，大量的饲养家蝇幼虫会带来一定的经济效益并可从家蝇幼虫体内提取出蛋白等物质供食用或研究。如何做到用最为有效地营养成分养殖家蝇幼虫，是大规模饲养的重点之一。本试验是利用家蝇幼虫取食麦麸，测定剩余物质中蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、纤维素等含量与原麦麸中以上物质含量的差异。通过测定幼虫生长过程中主要消耗的物质，利用到大规模的工业生产中，减少不必要物质的浪费，降低经济成本。对家蝇食用前以及食用后的麦麸进行成分测定，结果显示在蝇蛆食用过的麦麸中，蛋白质、可溶性糖的含量比被未食用的麦麸中有所减少，而纤维素和脂肪的含量则相对未被食用的麦麸有所增加，表明麦麸中的蛋白质以及可溶性糖主要被家蝇幼虫利用。 关键词 家蝇；家蝇幼虫；经济成本；营养利用 Abstract Housefly larvae have been widely cultivated and used, bringing certain economic benefits; materials such as proteins could be extracted from the bodies of housefly larvae, using for food or research. The key point of large-scale raise lies in how to breed housefly larvae in the most effective way of nutrition constituent. This experiment aims at determining the difference between the contents such as protein, fat, soluble sugar, and cellulose in surplus materials and the contents in primary wheat bran, on the basis that housefly larva fed on wheat bran. Through the determination of materials consumed during the process of growth of housefly larva, the result can be applied in large-scale industrial production, reducing unnecessary waste of material and the economic costs. After determining the constituents of wheat bran before eating and after eating by housefly larva, it shows that the contents of protein and soluble sugar have reduced while the contents of cellulose and fat have increased, indicating that housefly larva mainly consume protein and soluble sugar in wheat bran. Key words Housefly; housefly larva; Economic costnutrition; utilization 1 文献综述 家蝇，它是蝇科(Muscidae)昆虫属于双翅目(Diptera), 学名为Musca domestica Linnaeus，长期以来家蝇一直是人们居住时的扰人昆虫，家蝇还会影响城乡居民的公共卫生的害虫(郎跃深，2009)。同时，家蝇幼虫的食用价值历史悠久（张泽生，1998），它也具有很强的科研价值和经济价值。当小麦在加工面粉副产品的时候，会有麦麸剩下，一般的麦麸为粉末状或片状，颜色是麦黄色的。麦麸中含有较多的维生素和纤维素等，麦麸的主要利用在入药、食用、酿酒和饲料原料等,自从1932年Richardson的报道以来，麦麸已经成为主要材料利用在人工的饲养家蝇中。中国作为世界上小麦生产的大国，因此会有巨大的麦麸产量，人们在家蝇的养殖过程中大量的利用了麦麸。 1.1家蝇的特性与价值 在家蝇生长到8-12毫米左右时，一般会是成虫。家蝇背上的横线