初中英語被动语态讲解.docVIP

PAGE 1初中英语被动语态讲解一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成，句中人称、数和时态是通过be来表现出来的。常见的几种时态的被动语态如下（以动词do为例）：时 态主动语态被动语态例 句一般现在时态主+V.am / is / are + done肯定句：Bikes are sold in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.一般过去时态主+V.过was / were + done肯定句：China was liberated in 1949.否定句：China was not liberated in 1949. 疑问句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt.一般将来时态 Will+v.原will be + done肯：An English class will be given by Jack tomorrow.否：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.疑：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it wont.现在完成时态Have/has+V.过分have / has been + done肯定句：A road has been built by the government.否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government.疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt.现在进行时态am / is / are doingam / is / are being + done肯：A car is being driven now. 否：A car is not being driven now.疑：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.含有情态动词情态动词 +v.原情态动词 + be + done肯：Trees can be planted at the foot of the hill.否：Trees can not be planted at the foot of the hill 疑：Can trees be planted at the foot of the hill ? Yes,they can./No,they cant. 三、被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were _____（steal）last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法主动：主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语be + be + V.过分Eg:Everybody loves music. Music is loved by everybody.Eg: Mike broke the window. The window was broken by Mike. 五、注意 1.英语中有很多动词常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。如：happen, take place, break out, come out, come true, have(有），take(花费),cost, fit, belong to 等 　　　　2. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel,sme