初中英语走出主谓一致的误区专题辅导.docVIP

初中英语走出主谓一致的误区 句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词的确定取决于主语。 ??? 根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件；弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件，要正确使用主谓一致，两个条件缺一不可，但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。 ??? 误区一：误认主语 ??? 1. 倒装句 ??? ① Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×) ??? ② Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√) ??? 【解析】 第①句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree。因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 ??? 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 ??? ① The fruit like apples , oranges are good for our health. (×) ??? ② The fruit like apples , oranges is good for our health. (√) 【解析】 第①句误认为apples , oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语，like apples , oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit。该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。 ??? 特别提醒：类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。 ??? 3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词 ??? ① There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×) ??? ② There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√) ??? 【解析】 one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。 ??? 4. 定语从句 ??? ① I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×) ??? ② I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√) ??? 【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。 ??? 特别提醒：定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 误区二：被主语的表象迷惑 ??? 1. 看似复数却表单数概念 ??? ① Maths are my favourite subject. (×) ??? ② Maths is my favourite subject. (√) ??? 【解析】 maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第②句正确。类似的有：physics , news , politics . . ??? 2. 看似单数却表复数概念 ????① The police is searching for the robbers. (×) ??? ② The police are searching for the robbers. (√) ??? 【解析】 the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第②句正确，类似的词有：people , the + 形容词，the + 姓 + family等均表复数概念。 ??? 3. 名词的单复数同形 ??? ① There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×) ??? ② There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see