最好高中英语语法第4章情态动词概要.doc

第四章? 情态动词（一）? ? 情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的“辅助性”动词，在句中不能单独充当谓语。 一、情态动词的特征和形式 A. 情态动词的各种形式见下表：情态动词? may? mightcan? could? must? have to? ought to? will? would? shall? should? need? dare? used to 否定式? may not? might not? cannotcan not? could not? must not?? do not have to? ought not to? will not? would not? shall not? should not? need not? dare not? used not to? did not use to 简略否定式? maynt（老式英语，现在不常见）? mightnt? cant? couldnt? mustnt? dont have to? oughtnt to （否定句中to可省略）? wont? wouldnt? shant （只用于英国英语）? shouldnt? neednt? darent? usednt to? didnt use to B．情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。 ? 1．情态动词+do? You shouldnt be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。? Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.? 杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。? Difficulties can and must be overcome.? 困难能够而且必须克服。 ? 2．情态动词+be doing? She must be listening to pop music.?? 她肯定在听流行音乐。? You should be reviewing your lessons.? 你应该在复习功课。? My mother maymight be cooking now.? 我妈妈可能正在做饭。 ? 3．情态动词+have done? They might have visited the Great Wall.? 他们可能参观过长城了。? He must have got up very early to catch the train.? 他一定起得很早去赶火车了。? You ought to have come earlier.? 你本该早一点儿来。 ? 4．情态动词+be done? This word can also be used as a verb.? 这个词也可以用作动词。? Something must be done to stop pollution.? 必须采取措施来制止污染。? The work ought to have been finished long ago.? 这工作早就该完成了。??C. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。? You ought to wear a raincoat.? 你应该穿件雨衣。? She ought to wear a raincoat.? 她应该穿件雨衣。? Plants must have oxygen in order to live.? 为了存活植物必须有氧气。? A plant must have oxygen in order to live.? 为了存活植物必须有氧气。 D. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间。? Im afraid it might rain tonight.? 我看今晚可能要下雨。? Could I borrow your thermos? 我可以借用你的暖水瓶吗？? Its a nice day today. We could go for a walk.? 今天天气不错，我们可以出去散散步。??E. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。【误】Soldiers must have to obey orders.?【正】Soldiers have to obey orders.????? 军人必须服从命令。【正】S