基础物理6.docVIP

基础物理6 如果有一个函数 f(x) If youve got a function f(x), 你知道其在某一点的值 you know the value at some point, 然后移动到附近的某个点 and you want to go to a neighboring point, 比如离开 Δx a distance Δx away. 如果问 函数变化了多少呢 You ask, How much does the function change? 答案是 And the answer is, 函数的变化量 Δf the change in the function Δf 等于函数在起点处的导数 is the derivative of the function at the starting point 乘以移动的距离 times the distance you move. 这不是一个精确等式 This is not an equality, 除非 f 恰好是直线 unless f happens to be a straight line; 这只是个近似的关系 并且有修正量 its an approximation and there are corrections to this. 这就是这些点的意思 Thats what all the dots mean; 修正量与 Δx^2 和 Δx^3 之类的项成比例 corrections are proportional to Δx^2 and Δx^3 and so on. 但如果 Δx 很小 这个就足够了 就这样 But if Δx is tiny,this will do; thats it. 今天 我们要把 But today, we are going to move 整个功能原理和 the whole Work Energy Theorem and 能量守恒定律 the Law of Conservation of Energy 放在二维空间讨论 to two dimensions. 当到了二维空间 So, when you go to two dimensions, 我们就要问了 youve got to ask yourself, 我想找什么呢 What am I looking for? 最终我们希望找到某种关系 Well, in the end, Im hoping I will get some relation 像 K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 这样 like K1 + U1 = K2 + U2, 假设没有摩擦力的话 assuming there is no friction. U2 是新的势能 U2 is going to be my new potential energy. 如果它是势能 Then, if its the potential energy 质点在二维空间运动 and the particle is moving in two dimensions, 那它一定是两个变量 x 和 y 的函数 its got to be a function of two variables, x and y. 所以我要确认 So, I have to make sure that 你们都足够了解 you guys know enough about 多元函数的性质 functions of more than one variable. 那我就再开一次 So, this is, again, 帮你们回忆主要知识的速成班 a crash course on reminding you of the main points. 内容不是很多 There are not that many. 我写到这里的时候就说能讲完 By the time I get here Ill be done. 那么怎样画出两个变量函数的图像 So, how do you visualize the function of two variables? 对于只有一个变量的函数 The function of one variable, you know, 这样画出 x 轴和表示函数值的 y 轴 you plot x this way and the function along y. 如果有两个变量 If its two variables, 要把 x 画在这 y 画在这 you plot x here and y here 函数本身 and the function itself is 通过在 xy 平面上方的某个曲面来表示 shown by