(2014秋)年级报纸电子版·牛津深圳版(第17期).docVIP

（2014秋）初二牛津报纸电子版（第17期） 语法运用 Grammar in use 一、现在完成时 现在完成时通常用于表示已经发生的动作或事情, 强调其结果或对现在的影响。我们来学习一下现在完成时。 形式 构成 例句 肯定 主语+ have / has+动词的过去分词 I have got first prize. My parents are proud of me. 我已经赢得了第一名。我父母为我骄傲。 否定 主语+ have／has+ not+动词的过去分词 Mary has not finished her homework. Her mother is very angry. 玛丽还没有完成作业。她妈妈很生气。 特许疑问句 特殊疑问词 (短语) + have / has+主语+动词的过去分词 How long have you studied in this school? 你在这个学校学习多久了? 一般疑问句 Have / Has+主语+动词的过去分词 Has Jim received his birthday gift? 吉姆收到他的生日礼物了吗? 肯定回答 Yes, 主语+have / has --- Have you tasted the food? --- 你尝过食物了吗? --- Yes, I have. --- 是的, 尝过了。 否定回答 No, 主语+have / has+ not --- Has Tom passed the Maths exam? --- 汤姆通过数学考试了吗? --- No, he hasn’t. --- 不, 他没有。 1. 规则动词的过去分词和过去式相同, 而不规则动词的过去分词需要同学们识记。 2. have / has gone to意为 “已去 (某地)”, 表示正在路上或者已经到达目的地; have / has been to意为 “曾到过”, 表示已经去过某地。例如: She has been to London. 她去过伦敦。(说明已经去过) She has gone to London. 她已经去伦敦了。(说明正在途中或已到达目的地) 3. 一些代词作主语和助动词可以缩写, 例如: I have = I’ve, we have = we’ve, you have = you’ve, she has = she’s, he has = he’s, it has = it’s。 语法笔记 二、现在完成时与already, yet, ever, never 当用already, yet, ever, never来谈论已完成的事件时, 通常用现在完成时。already, ever和never常常放在have / has之后, 行为动词之前, 而yet常常放在疑问句或者否定句的句末。一起来学习一下吧。 用法 例句 already意为 “已经”, 一般用于肯定句中。 I have already booked a ticket. 我已经订了一张票了。 yet意为 “还; 尚(未)”, 常用于疑问句或否定句中。 Have you met our new English teacher yet? 你见过我们新来的英语老师了吗? She hasn’t finished reading the book yet. 她还没有读完那本书。 ever意为 “在任何时候; 从来”, 常用于疑问句或否定句中。 Has your mother ever made a cake for you? 你妈妈给你做过蛋糕吗? I don’t think we have ever met before. 我不认为我们之前见过面。 never意为 “从不”, 表示否定的意思。 My grandparents have never been to a big city. 我祖父母从来没去过大城市。 实战演练 I. 按照要求完成下列各题。 1. She has finished doing the housework. (变否定句) ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Mary’s father has made a kite for her. (变一般疑问句) ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Have you ever travelled to Canada? (作肯定回答) ______________________________________