跨文化交际chap4.ppt

 Intercultural Communications Professor: Lu Le 2006-2007 2nd semester Chapter 4 Language and Culture Time allocation: 4 hours Form of class: lecture+ Q A Main contents: How to talk about the world in different cultures pp. 121-135 Problems found in translating across cultures pp. 136-142 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: linguistic relativity pp. 150-158 Translate: (p. 128) a. 林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。 b. Three cousins of the French Presidents were also to receive diamonds. Categorization of farm animals (p. 125-126) English sex (male, female, castrated) maturity (mature, immature or newborn) Amazonian Indian Good for work (inedible): stallion, mare, gelding Good for food (useless for work): cow, ewe, lamb, sow Chinesebull:公牛steer (被阉割的)公牛 cow母牛heifer：小母牛calf: 小牛(年幼的母牛或公牛) (milk; beef;butter)way of thinking: holistic vs analytic Distinction between dew, fog and snow in English is not found in Koyas of India (p. 124) A Koya distinguishes 7 different of bamboo (p. 124) Dimension Three: Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Versus Weak Uncertainty Avoidance  Strong Uncertainty Avoidance：uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity, intolerant with deviance. For Example: Greece, Belgium, Portugal, Japan, Chile, Israel, Spain Weak Uncertainty Avoidance：practice counts more than principles; deviance is more easily tolerated. For example: Singapore, Sweden, Denmark, Malaysia Dimension Four: Masculinity Versus Femininity Masculinity: achievement, heroism, assertiveness, material success For Example: Japan, Austria, Italy Femininity: relationships, modesty, caring for the weak, quality of life For example: Sweden, Norway, Denmark Hall’s Theory on High and Low Context Cultures a high-context culture: most of the information is either in the physical context or