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项目管理是通过项目管理过程中的启动、计划、执行、监控和结束这些步骤的应用和集成来实现的。 Project management is the application of knoweledge,skills,tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requtrements. 许多组织把项目划分成不同的生命周期用以他们所承担的所有项目。项目生命周期将一个项目从开始到结尾划分成彼此联系的阶段过程。 Many organizations identify a specific set of life cycles for use on all of their projects.The project life cycle defines the phases that connect the beginning of a project to its end. 居住类房屋市场受大众经济条件、税收政策以及政府的货币和财政政策影响很大。 The residential housing market is heavily affected bt general economic conditions,tax laws,and the monetary and fiscal policies of the government. 工业建筑的设计与施工都需要最高层次的工程专业技术知识，这些知识不仅涉及土木工程。而且还包括化学、电气、机械以及其他专业。 Both design and construction require the highest levels of engineering expertise,from not only civil engineering,but also chemical,electrical,mechanical,and other,disciplines. 职业工程项目管理通常使用在项目非常大且复杂的情况。 Professional construction management is usually used when a project is very large or complex. 项目管理通过项目启动、计划、执行、监督控制和结尾管理过程的全面管理来完成。 Project management is accomplished through the application and integration of the project management processes of initiating,planning,executing,monitoring and controlling,and closing. 因为办公及商业用房建设与居住类房屋建设相比具有较高成本及较高的复杂度，所以办公及商业用房建设市场只有少数的公司运营。 Because of the higher costs and greater sophistication of office and commercial buildings in comparision with residential housing,this market segment is shared by fewer competitors. 项目经理拥有组织管理层授予的调动所有资源完成项目的权力。 The project manager receives authority from the management of the organization to mobilize the necessary resources to complete a project. 为了使既定的项目方针和质量标准不受损害，项目经理应当被授予解决冲突的权力。 Theproject manager must be given the responsibility and authority to resolve various conflicts so that the established project policy and quality standard will not be jeopardized. 当项目要素和职能部门发生重叠时，项目经理必须拥有对这些要素的控制权。 The project manager must gain control over those slements of the project which may overlap with functional division managers. 面对问题，项目经理必须采取积极解决的态度，而不是和从不