大興安岭地区火烧迹地植被更新的研究—修改—2014326(接受所有修改).docVIP

东北林业大学硕士学位论文Abstract STYLEREF 标题,章标题(无序号) \* MERGEFORMAT 摘要 -摘要自1987年大兴安岭“5.6”特大森林火灾发生以后，关于该地区火烧迹地上植被的更新与恢复的研究一直是学术界关注的热点与焦点问题。本文以大兴安岭地区塔河林业局为例，通过对该局1974～2004年30多年以来历史火灾资料的收集与整理，及对部分火烧迹地的踏查，以林火过后主要乔木树种的更新情况为研究对象，对火烧迹地主要乔木树种的组成情况进行调查，对不同火烧强度火烧迹地的植被恢复情况进行比较，并根据样地的实际情况探讨有效的恢复措施，为今后大兴安岭地区及国内其它地区火烧迹地植被的更新与恢复提供一定的参考。通过研究，得出如下基本结论：（1）不同林型火烧迹地上乔木的更新有显著差异。在塔河林业局施业范围内常见的六种林型中，更新能力最强的林型是草类林叶松林，其次是落叶松白桦林，而更新能力最低的林型是杜鹃樟子松林。（2）不同火烧强度对乔木的更新也有显著差异。轻度火烧有助于针叶树更新，中度火烧后以杨桦为代表的速生树种迅速更新，演替为阔叶林，随着时间的推移更新演替为针阔混交林；重度火烧后，很长很时间内林分以杨桦为代表的阔叶林为主。（3）不同火烧迹地因立地条件、火烧强度、地形等方面的差异，森林植被的更新演替规律也有显著的差异，应针对性的采取适宜的森林恢复途径，在经营条件较差的地段可任由其自然更新，在经营条件较好的地段则可采取人工植苗更新。（4）通过对塔河林业局部分样地樟子松、落叶松人工更新情况的调查发现，火烧迹地上植被人工更新效果显著优于自然更新效果。围绕商品林、公益生态林等两种不同的培育目标，针对塔河林业局落叶松、樟子松了两个主要树种提出了四种更新模式。关键词　大兴安岭地区；塔河林业局；火烧迹地；植被更新；恢复模式AbstractSince the 1987 Greater Xing’an Mountains 5.6 big forest fire, research on this area burned vegetation regeneration and restoration is always a hot and focus problem in academic field. In this paper, taking Greater Xing’an Mountains area of Tahe Forestry Bureau as an example, through the 1974-2004 years 30 years and collation of historical fire data collection, investigation and the burned with fire, after the main tree species in the update as a research object, carries on the investigation of the main tree species composition of the burned area, compared the recovery different fire intensity on the burned area, and to explore the means of recovery and effective measures according to the actual situation of plots, the updated on forest vegetation after scheme, shorten the fire forest ecosystem restoration, improve the quality of recovery.Through research, reached the following conclusions: (1) In different forest types and tree update on burned areas have significant differences. Forest renewal ability is one of the strongest grass forest of pine, and the lowest is the ability to update Forest Cuckoo. (2) Update different fire intensities on the tree also has the remarkable difference. Mild fire hel