C++, 08.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Topics Local Scope and Global Scope of an Identifier （标识符的局部作用域和全局作用域） Determine which Variable in a program are local （确定程序中的局部变量） Determining the Lifetime of a Variable （确定变量的生存期） Writing a Value-Returning Function for a Task （为某一任务写一个有返回值的函数） 8.1 Scope of Identifier（标识符的作用域） Scope: the region of program code where it is legal to use that identifier 作用域：它是合法使用这个标识符的程序区域 8.1 Scope of Identifier Scope: the region of program code where it is legal to use that identifier 8.1 Scope of Identifier Scope: the region of program code where it is legal to use that identifier 8.1.1 Local Scope and Global Scope for an identifier that is declared inside a block (this includes function parameters) for an identifier that is declared outside of all namespaces, functions and classes 8.1.2 Name Precedence(or Name Hiding)名字优先级或名字隐藏 when a function declares a local identifier with the same name as a global identifier, the local identifier takes precedence within that function (当一个函数中声明了一个和全局标识符同名的局部标识符时，在这个函数中的这个局部标识符具有较高的优先级） Name Precedence When an expression refers to an identifier: 1. first checks the local declarations 2. if it isn’t local, compiler works outward through each level of nesting until it finds an identifier with same name. 3. if compiler reaches global declarations and still can’t find the identifier, an error message results. Name Precedence Implemented by Compiler Name Precedence Implemented by Compiler 8.1.2 Scope Rules Function name has global scope. Function parameter scope is identical to scope of a local variable declared in the outermost block of the function body. Global variable (or constant) scope extends from declaration to the end of the file, except as noted in rule 5. 8.1.2 Scope Rules Local variable (or constant) scope extends from declaration to the end of the block where declared. This scope includes any nested blocks, except as noted in rule 5. 5. An identifier’s scope does not include any nest