SupercriticalFluidExtraction.pptVIP

Supercritical Fluid Extraction Intermolecular Forces Dipole-Dipole Interactions London Dispersion Forces Hydrogen Bonding Dipole-Dipole Interactions Some molecules have an uneven distribution of charge; these are called polar molecules. Polar molecules attract one another when the partial positive charge on one molecule is near the partial negative charge on another molecule London Dispersion Forces Instantaneous uneven electron distributions in a molecule can cause induced dipole-dipole effects called London Dispersion Forces. Hydrogen Bonding By far the strongest intermolecular force A hydrogen atom in a polar bond can experience in attractive force with a neighboring Electronegative atom. This is especially applicable when a Hydrogen atom and highly electronegative atom are bonded in a molecule; one of the most polar bonds known. Energy of Solvation The energy of forces between the molecules of the solute are in contest with the energy of forces between molecules of solute and solvent. Also added to the Energy of solvation is the energy needed to make a cavity in the solvent for each solute molecule to be surrounded. Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide is used in Supercritical fluid studies because it’s critical point is in an easily reached range. At its normal Gaseous state Carbon Dioxide is an extremely bad solvent, but as a liquid it has much better solvent capabilities. Phase Diagram Supercritical Fluid Both Gas and liquid phases have the same densities in this range. Carbon Dioxide is normally used since it’s critical point is at 73.8 bar and 31.1 degree Celsius, a very easily reached condition Uses Decaffeinating coffee as well as Sewage Treatment. Control over Density, and Solvation. Differentiates between enantiomers, paramount in producing medicines. Experiment Purpose Show proof that a tailor made molecule could be made to enhance extraction. Solves the problem of low extraction results that plagues CO2 extraction. Experiment Setup Uses a CO2 extr