非谓语动词难点比较分析.docVIP

非谓语动词难点比较分析 非谓语动词的时态 非谓语动词虽不是谓语，但仍然是动词的一种形式，在句子仍有着自己的时态。 -----ing?形式（以do为例）： ? 主…………….动 被…………….动 一?????般??????式 doing ? being done 完?????成??????式 having done having been done ? 动词不定式（以do为例）： ? 主??????????动 被????????????动 一?????般?????式 ??to do???????????????? to be done???? 进?????行?????式 ??to be doing???? …………….. 完?????成?????式 to have done? to have been done （不及物动词则没有被动式）? 过去分词只用一种形式。 谓语动词在句子中应该用主动式还是用被动式，在《非谓语动词的逻辑主语》中，我们已经讨论过，主要看他们和逻辑主语的关系。 那么，非谓语动词在句子中应该用什么时态由什么决定呢？这主要看他们和谓语动词发生的先后。非谓语动词的一般式常与谓语动词同时或在其后发生；完成式则在其前面发生（特别是要强调已经发生时）；进行式一般总是同时发生。 见面时我们常说?I am glad to see you .?非谓语动词to see?用一般时，因为他和谓语动词am glad?同时发生；告别时我们常说“?I am glad to have seen you.?”这里用?to have seen?完成式，是因为他发生在谓语动词前。 此外，在think, plan, hope, suppose, expect?等动词后，如果接了不定式的完成式，则表示“原想…..”，而实际上未能做到。如果主句是“had thought (hope, planned…..)”，后接不定式的一般式，也表示同样的意思。 ［示例］ 考题１　We agreed?__________?here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.??( NMET95) A. having met???????????B. Meeting???????????????C. To meet?????????????D. to have met 解析　agree　后接宾语只能是不定式，所以Ａ、Ｂ不在考虑之内。Ｃ(to meet )表示“我们当时同意随后在这里见面”；Ｄ（to have met?）则表示“在我们当时同意之前已经在这里见过面”，所以答案只能是Ｃ。 考题２?I would love?________?to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go??????????B. To have gone???????????C. Going?????????D. having gone??(NMET97) 解析　在“?I would love?”后只能接不定式，所以Ｃ、Ｄ不在考虑之列。???若选Ａ，则表示“I would love?”现在或将来“to go to the party?”显然与原题意不符；?Ｂ用了不定式的完成式，则表示“to have met?”这个动作在谓语动词“would love?”之前发生，意思就是“但愿昨晚我去了，但我要加班完成一份报告（所以没去）”。所以选Ｂ。 ［训练］ 1.??__________?a reply, he decided to write again. A. not receiving???????B. Receiving not????????C. Not having received?????D. having not received 2.?Charies Babbage is generally considered?__________?the first computer. A. to have invented?????B. Inventing?????????C. To invent???????D. having invented???(NMET93) 3.?The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talk,?____________?that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added??????????B. to add??????????C. adding?????????????