非谓语辅导.docVIP

概念透析---非谓语动词 定义：不能充当谓语的特殊的动词结构形式。 理解：（1）作用：不能充当谓语但可以充当其他成分如主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。 To see is to believe 眼见为实 (不定式充当主语和表语) The man following the woman was obviously in a hurry. 跟在那个女人的男人很显然非常的匆忙 (现在分词短语做后置定语) He entered the hall followed by several people. 他进入了这个大厅，后面跟着几个人 (过去分词短语充当伴随状语) （2）特征: A)特殊的动词结构形式： to do /doing（现在分词）/doing(动名词)/ done B) 一般情况下，非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语(真实主语)。 Not knowing anything about his work, he went to work as usual. (非谓语动词) (非谓语动词的逻辑主语/整个句子的真实主语) 【注意】：在独立主格中非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是独立主格独立的主语 The task finished, I could have a two-day holiday. (划线部分为独立主格结构， finished 为非谓语动词它的逻辑主语是the task并非句子的主语I ) 试一试自己分析下面划线部分的句子成分： He did what he could do to help the children in the quake-hit area._________________ I can hardly imagine Tom being caught cheating in the exam. _________________ The Olympic Games, first played in 776B.C, didn’t include women players until 1912. ____________________________________________________________________ 非谓语动词详解： 一. 非谓语动词之to do 不定式 1. 不定式to do的作用 （1）作主语和表语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实 It is not easy to find your way around the town. (it 为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语) （2）作定语 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 He is the last student to arrive at shchool. 他是最后一个到校的学生。 （3）作宾语 ：下面动词只用不定式作宾语，牢记下面的口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care , pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help （4）作宾语的补足语 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 【注意】有些感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾语的补足语时，通常不带to.下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词： “四看 (see, watch, notice,observe), 三使役（let,make, have）二听（hear，listen to）, 一感觉（feel）” ［温馨提示］：感官动词和使役动词make用于被动语态，作主语补足语的不定式要带to 如：He was seen to cross the road. Tom doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard. （5）下面结构中用不定式作主语的补足语 Sb. be said /believed / known/reported/considered/found 等+不定式 如： He is said to have gone abroa