IPInternetProtocol.pptVIP

Netprog 2002 TCP/IP IPInternet Protocol Based on notes from D. Hollinger Recall the OSI Model: 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data-Link 1 Physical IP OSI In OSI reference model terminology -the IP protocol covers the network layer. IP can be used on many data-link layers (can support many network hardware implementations). But First ... Ethernet - A Real Data-Link Layer It will be useful to discuss a real data-link layer. Ethernet (really IEEE 802.3) is widely used. Supported by a variety of physical layer implementations. Ethernet Multi-access (shared medium). Every Ethernet interface has a unique 48 bit address (a.k.a. hardware address). Example: C0:B3:44:17:21:17 The broadcast address is all 1’s. Addresses are assigned to vendors by a central authority. CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple AccesswithCollision Detection Carrier Sense: can tell when another host is transmitting Multiple Access: many hosts on 1 wire Collision Detection: can tell when another host transmits at the same time. An Ethernet Frame The preamble is a sequence of alternating 1s and 0s used for synchronization. CRC is Cyclic Redundancy Check Ethernet Addressing Each interface looks at every frame and inspects the destination address. If the address does not match the hardware address of the interface or the broadcast address, the frame is discarded. Some interfaces can also be programmed to recognize multicast addresses. Back to IP Internet ProtocolThe IP in UDP/IP and TCP/IP IP is the network layer packet delivery service (host-to-host). translation between different data-link protocols. IP Datagrams IP provides connectionless, unreliable delivery of IP datagrams. Connectionless: each datagram is independent of all others. Unreliable: there is no guarantee that datagrams are delivered correctly or at all. IP Addresses IP addresses are not the same as the underlying data-link (MAC) addresses. Why ? IP Addresses IP