托福写作头脑风暴的“冰淇淋法”.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福写作头脑风暴的“冰淇淋法” 出国英语考试有哪些 雅思6.5是什么水平 雅思阅读评分标准 托福阅读评分标准 雅思和托福的区别 一、万能理由“冰淇淋” 如果考托福写作时“ 无话可说”， 即思路打不开，可以从“冰淇淋法” ，即“万能理由”的角度去想。这一做法类似于英语中所说的“头脑风暴”(brainstorming)，就是在短时间之内就一个作文题进行自由联想，列出能想到的全部观点，然后进行分类(如一个事物的正反两方面)，供拟提纲和写作之用。“万能理由”共12 组(各组词中的两个词是独立的，之所以把两个词放在一起，纯粹是出于方便记忆的目的)，取各组单词的首字母，得“iscrem”(其中c 代表4 组，e 代表3 组)，发音近似“冰淇淋”(ice-cream)，所以从万能理由的角度打开思路的方法被称之为“冰淇淋法”。也可以根据每组中文的第一个词组成口诀：“独立”(的)或“合作”(的)“知识”与“安全”“文化”“交流”“方便”“就业”、“经济”、“金钱”、“环境”与“权利”。 二、实战训练成高能 例如， Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement? An effective leader should try to make others feel that they are part of the decision making process.(2013 年1 月12 日考题) 根据“冰淇淋法” 进行自由联想，可以列出下列观点： 1. cooperation(需要与被领导者合作) 2. communication and trust (交流消除误会、产 生信任) 3. time(沟通耗时间) 4. emotion (参与流于形式，被领导者其实完全无权) 5. interest(增强被领导者执行任务的动机) 按照对被领导者参与决策一事儿的正反看法可以对上述的万能理由做如下分类： 根据上述分类，可以拟出下面的提纲： Thesis statement(主题陈述): Although involving others in the decision making process may have disadvantages, leaders are well advised to do so, for positive outcomes far outweigh the disadvantages. Topic sentence of Para. 2(第二段主题句)： Objectively, there are some disadvantages to asking others to participate in the decision making process. e.g. The process is time-consuming and makes participants feel frustrated if their input is not incorporated in the final decision. Topic sentence of Para. 3(第三段主题句)： On the other hand, there are more benefits to involving others in the decision making process. e.g. The implementation of many decisions requirescooperation of participants. Topic sentence of Para. 4(第四段主题句)： In addition, involving others in the decision making process enhances understanding of issues,builds trust and promotes motivation. 又如， Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, more and more people are spending too much money on their pets, even though there can be better ways to spend money.(中国大陆2011 年11 月12 日考题—— 北美 2010 年8 月13 日考题) 根据“冰淇淋法” 进行自由联想，可以列出下列观点： 1. emotion。