week 5 paralanguage and space.pptVIP

Cross-cultural communication Week 5 Nonverbal communication (III) Nonverbal communication III Paralanguage: 1. Definition, 2. Functions, 3. Three kinds of vocalization and 4. turn-taking Space and distance: personal space, seating, and furniture arrangement I. Paralanguage Paralanguage involves the linguistic elements of speech---- how something is said and not the actual meaning of the spoken words. It involves the vocal but nonverbal dimensions of speech, including rate, pitch, volume, rhythm and vocal quality as well as pauses and hesitations. Paralanguage helps us make judgments about people, their emotions and their believability. Continued Sounds we generate often communicate more than the words that they produce. Paralanguage can express anger, sorrow, joy, or any of a number of other emotions. Paralanguage cues help us to draw conclusions about an individual’s emotion state, socioeconomic status, height, weight, age, intelligence, race, regional background, and educational level. Paralanguage: vocalization Three kinds of vocalizations (发声): vocal characterizers (声音特点): laughing，crying, yelling, moaning, whining, belching, yawning vocal qualifiers (声音修饰)：volume, pitch （音高）, rhythm (节奏), tempo （速度）, resonance （共鸣）, tone（音调） vocal segregates (声音分隔): “un-huh”, “shh”, “uh”, “ooh”, “mmmh”, “humm”, etc. Culture influences our use of and response to paralanguage. Volume: Arabs: loudness connotes strength and sincerity, while softness communicates weakness and deviousness. Israelis increases volume as a sign of strong beliefs towards the issue under discussion. Germans conduct their business with a commanding tone that projects authority and self-confidence. Continued In Japan and Thailand, rising of the voice oft. implies a lack of self control (impolite); a gentle soft voice reflects good manners and helps maintain social harmony. African Americans are far more emotional, intense, dynamic and enthusiastic in their use of voice than are most