2016年高考英语语法专题剖析：8.非谓语动词.pptxVIP

2016年高考英语语法专题剖析8.非谓语动词非谓语动词的形式及句法功能非谓语动词的否定形式：在非谓语动词前加not。非谓语动词的句法功能　形式成分不定式动名词分词主语√√宾语√√表语√√√定语√√√状语√√补语√√—What made her so upset?—Her not (allow) to go to the ball.解析　根据上文问句可知是对主语提问，承接上文的回答是做主语的。用动名词的否定形式做主语。being allowed非谓语动词作主语1.能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。(1)Smoking is prohibited(禁止) here.我们这儿禁止抽烟。(2)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.抽太多烟对你不好。(3)To make a plan first is a good idea.＝It is a good idea to make a plan first. 首先制定好计划是个好主意。(4)It takes three hours to walk there.从这儿步行到那儿花费三个钟头。2.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day.【温馨提示】　若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。如：Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.眼见为实(1)Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. (have) the answers ready will be of great help. 解析　本题考查动名词做主语。表示预备好答案这件事，故用动名词。句意：进行工作面试前有必要好好准备。预备好答案会很有帮助的。having(2)In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important match. 解析　本题考查形式主语，其真正的主语是不定式to keep order。句意：事实上对警察而言在重要比赛中维持秩序是一项艰难的工作。it非谓语动词作宾语不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。常见形式有以下几类：1.有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词有： agree (同意); offer(提出); intend, plan(打算，计划); demand, ask(要求)；promise(答应); prepare(准备); decide(决定); refuse(拒绝); dare(敢于); choose(选择); wish, hope, want, expect(希望，想要)；fail(失败); pretend(假装); manage(设法); determine(决心)等。如：They have agreed to give me another chance.他们已经答应给我另外一次机会。He refused to tell me their plan.他拒绝告诉我他们的计划。常跟不定式作宾语的词组成的顺口溜：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。(1)I dont want (sound) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair.解析　动词want后常跟不定式作宾语。to sound2.有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语，如： admit(承认)，appreciate(欣赏)，avoid(避免)，consider(考虑)，delay (耽误；延迟), dislike(不喜欢); enjoy(欣赏；享受), escape(逃脱；逃避)，excuse (原谅)，finish(完成)，forgive(原谅)，imagine(想象), keep(保持), mind(介意), miss (错过), practise(练习), resist(拒绝，抵制), risk(冒险)，suggest(建议)，deny(否认；否决)。如：Youd better make good preparations for you cant risk losing the