五种蟋蟀染色体的研究.docVIP

五种蟋蟀染色体的研究 (尤 平1, 谢志红2 ( 1.淮北煤炭师范学院生物系, 淮北, 安徽 235000; 2.淮北煤炭师范学院医院, 淮北, 安徽 235000） 摘 要： 报道了中国4种蟋蟀的染色体C带核型，即黑脸油葫芦 Teleogryllus occipitalis (Serville, 1838)，2N=27, XO(♂)；银川油葫芦 T. infernalis (Saussure, 1877)，2N=27, XO(♂)；迷卡斗蟋 Velarifictorus micado (Saussure, 1877)，2N=29, XO(♂)；泰康棺头蟋 Loxoblemmus taicoun Saussure, 1877，2N=17, XO(♂)及长颚斗蟋 V. Aspersus (Walker, 1869)的核型即2N=23, XO(♂)。4种蟋蟀各染色体均显示强的着丝粒带，多数染色体显强或中的端带，斗蟋属(Velarifictorus)1种部分染色体显示居间带，油葫芦属(Teleogryllus)2种和棺头蟋属（Loxoblemmus）1种无居间带，各物种表现出明显的种类特异性。对蟋蟀染色体及C带核型在分类中的意义作了初步的探讨。 关键词：蟋蟀科；油葫芦属；斗蟋属；棺头蟋属；染色体；核型；C带 中图分类号：Q962 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0253－9772 (2003)05- -04 A Study on Chromosomes in Five Crickets YOU Ping1 , XIE Zhi-Hong2 ( 1. Department of Biology, Huaibei Coal Mining Teacher’s College, Huaibei, 安徽 235000, China; 2. Hospital of Huaibei Coal Mining Teacher’s College, Huaibei, 安徽 235000, China) Abstract: This is a report on the chromosome C-banded karyotypes of four Gryllidae species in China. They are Teleogryllus occipitalis (Serville, 1838), 2N=27, XO(♂); T. infernalis (Saussure, 1877), 2N=27, XO(♂); Velarifictorus micado (Saussure, 1877), 2N=29, XO(♂); Loxoblemmus taicoun Saussure, 1877, 2N=17, XO(♂). And another karyotype is reported as well, it is V. aspersus（Walker, 1869）, 2N=23, XO(♂). All chromosomes of the four crickets show strong paracentric C-bands, lots of the arms show strong or median terminal C-bands, and some chromosomes of V. micado show middle C-bands. In addition, the total heterochromatin content of the four crickets was shown. The cytotaxonomic significance is discussed. Key words: Grillidae; Teleogryllus; Velarifictorus; Loxoblemmus; chromosome; C-band; karyotype 蟋蟀科(Gryllidae)属直翅目(Orthoptera)蟋蟀总科(Grylloidea)，是主要的农业害虫之一，也是中医药的重要成分和娱乐市场中的一员。有关蟋蟀科的研究工作较多，但染色体方面的研究很少，至今蟋蟀科中仅有80余种开展了染色体方面的研究工作，其染色体数目为2N(♂)=11~29，性别决定机制为XO型[1]。有关蟋蟀科的C带的研究工作更少，目前仅见3种，即Acheta domesticus[2~4]、Gryllus argentinus[5]及聋蟋属1种(Cophogryllus sp.)[6]。在此，作者分析了采自湖北和陕西等地的5种蟋蟀的染色体及C带核型，拟为蟋蟀的细胞遗传学、细胞分类学及演化关系的研究