u基础微生物学课件22.pptVIP

* Lambda attachment sites : Phage attachment sites are regions of DNA required for site-specific recombination. This reaction is best characterized for phage lambda. The primary attachment site on the E. coli chromosome, attB, consists of three regions designated BOB and the attachment site on lambda, attP, consists of three corresponding regions designated POP. The actual crossover occurs between the homologous 15 bp core regions (designated O) on the two sites. * Figure Legend: Lytic Pathway:In lysis, the host cells membrane is damaged and the cytoplasm is able to leak out. The cell dies rapidly, releasing virus particles. Lysogenic Pathway:The lysogenic path is one of several temperate pathways in which the host cell is not killed outright, but is occupied by the virus and used as a factory for replicating the viral genes. The viral infection enters a latent period during this process. In the illustrated instance, genetic recombination occurs: The viral enzyme cuts the host chromosome and integrates viral genes into it. When the recombinant DNA is replicated, it passes the viral DNA onto all of its descendents. If the viral genes later undergo lysis and leave the cell, a new cycle of infection will begin. Lwoffs careful experiments laid the groundwork for further research on the interaction between the phage and their hosts in lysogenic cultures - research that turned out to have far-reaching implications. It was by studying this interaction that he made an important discovery: that the genes injected into a bacterium by a phage can actually become integrated into the hosts genome - a discovery that is the basis for much of genetic engineering. * 2. The lysogenic cycle Here the phage do not destroy their host cell. Instead they persist within the cell and are replicated every time the cell replicates. Usually they do this by inserting their DNA into the host chromosome (but not always). This relationship is called lysogeny. Phage that can do this are c