FrequentlyAsked Questions About Volcanoes and Volcanologists.docVIP

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2016-11-29 发布于贵州
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FrequentlyAsked Questions About Volcanoes and Volcanologists.doc

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FrequentlyAsked Questions About Volcanoes and Volcanologists

Frequently Asked Questions About Volcanoes and Volcanologists Q: Can scientists really anticipate volcanic eruptions? A: Yes, in many cases, but most reliably only for volcanoes that have been studied geologically. By studying deposits of rock and ash formed by past events, volcanologists can reconstruct the history of a volcano in considerable detail. This allows them to make general forecasts about future activity, because the past is often, though not always, a good guide to the future. For example, USGS scientists who studied Mount St. Helens during the 1970s recognized that, for thousands of years, it had been the most active and explosive volcano in the entire Cascade Range. On that basis, they forecast that Mount St. Helens might be the next Cascade volcano to erupt, possibly before the year 2000. In 1980, their detective work paid off when the volcano erupted for the first time in 123 years. Q: Are specific predictions of an eruptions time, place, and character possible? A: In some cases the answer is yes, but specific predictions require more and different kinds of information. Using seismometers and other sensitive monitoring instruments, USGS scientists are keeping an eye on more than three dozen dangerous volcanoes in the western United States. At the first sign of trouble theyll intensify their monitoring efforts. Taking the pulse of a restless volcano in this way allows scientists to refine their assessment of hazards and make increasingly specific statements about future activity, including the time, location, and type of activity expected. For example, USGS scientists correctly predicted days in advance more than a dozen dome-building eruptions at Mount St. Helens during 1980-1986. In 1991, an accurate prediction of the largest eruption on Earth in almost 80 years saved thousands of lives and millions of dollars worth of property near Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. ? Q: How does the USGS provide eruption warnings? A: The USGS warning s