Unit 11 P28问题和P248翻译.docVIP

Unit 11 P238 ⅠTopics for group discussion. How is a professional paper defined? What’s your understanding of a professional paper? A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic. It must conform to a specific format. It differs from other non-professional essays in that it involves the use of library sources from which facts, quotations, and the options of others are drawn to explain, support, or authenticates ideas in the paper. It usually concludes with a bibliography, and an alphabetical list of all sources cited. I think that the professional paper is a thorough research on the specific field. It deals with the study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusion that is drawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal likes or dislikes. It does not matter who is conducting the experiment or investigation. 2. How are papers classified? What are the similarities and differences between/among them? The four kinds of papers usually assigned in university and colleges. Similarities: professional paper, the task of the author: read on a particular topic, gather information about it and report the findings. Differences: 1）Report paper: Merely catalogs findings in a sensible sequence. 2）Research paper: Draw new conclusions on the basis of obtained data .or observed facts, or to present the material in the light of a new interest. 3）Course paper are written after a specific course or at the end of a term. 4.）Thesis paper: Take a definite stand on an issue. 3. Linguistic Features of Professional Papers (1) Formal Style A professional paper deals with the study of some objective facts or problems, and the conclusion that is drawn should be based on relevant data, not on personal likes and dislikes. It is particularly important in any kind of scientific inquiry; it does not matter who is conducting the experiment or investigation. Being impersonal and free from emotional fact