射频通讯RF基础二案例.ppt

* * * Practical range estimates open fieldOpen field measurement is among the most easy range measurements to perform. Most customers seek out an large open area such as a football stadium, golf court or any other large open space available and start measure PER. The customers that then are expecting to get the range predicted by Friis equation for free space are often surprised. Even in a large open field the free space equation is an inaccurate approximation. The figure illustrates the basic situation with in a large open field. An infinite, perfectly flat ground plane and no other objects obstructing the signal between sender and receiver. The ground plane is however an important difference when compared to the free space situation. Here we will add a ground reflection to the basic Friis equation and study its importance on received signal level. Basically the total received energy can then be modeled as the vector sum of the direct transmitted wave and one ground reflected wave. The open field measurement problem is covered in more detail in [1] [1] DN018 -- Range Measurements in an Open Field Environment: /litv/pdf/swra169 High gain of an antenna is not necessarily a good thing. It depends on the application and what factor that are causing the high gain. High gain is desirable for an RF system with fixed positioning of both receiving and transmitting antennas. Thus the antennas can be positioned with the optimum direction pointed towards each other. For mobile systems it is usually better to have an antenna which spreads the radiated power in a more omnidirectional manner. This will ensure that the performance of the system is not heavily affected by the positioning of the devices. Gain is usually referred to an isotropic antenna and usually with the designation dBi. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical antenna that radiates equally in all directions. Gain in an antenna must not be related to gain from an amplifier. An antenna has not the capability