托福阅读中缘何ETS偏爱对“例子”出题.docxVIP

托福阅读中缘何ETS偏爱对“例子”出题?　在托福阅读中，考生可以看到各种各样的举例，看到各种各样的例子引入方式，也因此不得不面对ETS带给我们的“例子”题目。不得不说明的是，在托福写作中大家需要用例子来论证自己的观点;在托福阅读中，作者也要有足够的例子来说明自己的看法，不然托福阅读文章也不会这么长吧!这是英语思维，也是ETS可以出题的一个方向。　来分析两个相关题目来了解一些对例子出题的题目。　例1：Even less fortunate was the extension of this type of thinking to include animals as well as plants. This resulted in the biome, a combination of coexisting flora and fauna. Though it is true that many animals are strictly associated with certain plants, it is misleading to speak of a spruce-moose biome, for example, because there is no internal cohesion to their association as in an organism. The spruce community is not substantially affected by either the presence or absence of moose. Indeed, there are vast areas of spruce forest without moose. The opposition to the Clementsian concept of plant ecology was initiated by Herbert Gleason, soon joined by various other ecologists. Their major point was that the distribution of a given species was controlled by the habitat requirements of that species and that therefore the vegetation types were a simple consequence of the ecologies of individual plant species.　Why does the author make the statement ,“Indeed, there are vast areas of spruce forest without moose”?　○To highlight a fact whose significance the ecologist Herbert Gleason had missed　○To propose the idea that a spruce forest is by itself a superorganism　○To emphasize that moose are not limited to a single kind of environment　○To criticize the idea of a spruce-moose biome　解析：定位句“Indeed, there are vast areas of spruce forest without moose”.意思是：实际上有很多云杉林并没有麋鹿。这句话是一个例子，例子论证的对象是本段的主旨，作者是在驳斥一个“生物群落”这样的概念。所以选项D正确。　例2：Nomadism has further consequences. It means that pastoralist societies occupy and can influence very large territories. This is particularly true of the horse pastoralism that emerged in the Inner Eurasian steppes, for this was the most mobile of all major forms of pastoralism So, it is no accident that with the appearance of pastoralist societies there appea