Chapter Eight On the Road to Phenomenology.pptVIP

Modern Western Philosophy College of Philosophy and Public Administration, Henan University Chapter Eight On the Road to Phenomenology I. Introduction II. Martin Heidegger 2.1 Sein und zeit 2.2 The turn: truth, thought and language of being III. Existentialism and after 3.1 J. P. Sartre’s existentialism 3.2 M. Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception IV. Summary of the chapter V. Assignments Martin Heidegger （1889-1976），20世纪德国著名哲学家，现代西方哲学中最重要、最有影响力的人物之一。尽管其著作晦涩难懂，但意义却不可绕避，胡塞尔可以说：“现象学，就是海德格尔和我”，我们也可以说：只要还有思想，他的名字就不会被忘记。代表作品有：《存在与时间》、《论真理的本质》、《形而上学导论》、《现象学的基本问题》、《路标》、《林中路》、《尼采》等。 2.1 Sein und zeit 2.2 The Turn: Truth, Thought and Language of Being J. P. Sartre （1905-1980），20世纪法国著名作家、哲学家、社会活动家，存在主义的最大代表，被恭称为“二十世纪人类良心”。代表作有：《存在与虚无》、《恶心》、《辩证理性批判》、《马克思主义和存在主义》、《伦理学笔记》等。 M. Merleau-Ponty （1908-1961），20世纪法国最重要、最具创造性的哲学家之一，也是以存在主义自谓的著名现象学家。代表作有：《行为的结构》、《知觉现象学》、《意义和无意义》、《辩证法的冒险》、《可见的和不可见的》、《世界的散文》等。 3.2 Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception Starting point of philosophy Phenomenology as a way of thinking; the new philosophy is phenomenology; overcoming subject-object dichotomy by structure Structure and perception Structure is not the product of consciousness, but the dimension of being itself; perception is the existential experience of pre-science, the precondition of behaviors, and the basic mode to demonstrate the world. Body-subject Overturning of traditional subject; it endows a thing with meaning, and thus constitutes its environment; body is our way to own a world. Philosophy of language “Utterance is the external existence of meaning”; utterance is individual’s language activity, while language is the maxim of society’s uttering activity; language doesn’t equal to existence (this is his difference from Heidegger and Gadamer) Visible and invisible “Existence is the invisible dimension of the visible”; invisible existence is the basis of the visible intuition world. IV. Summary of the chapter I. Introduction II. Martin Heidegger 2.1 Sein und zeit