医学物理学chapter答案.ppt

Summary to the last lecture 2.4 Momentum and its conservation 2.4.2 momentum conservation 2.5 Circular Motion圆周运动  (rigid body)刚体 2.5 Elasticity of Materials  (Chapter 2 in the textbook) Summary: Main topics in chapter 2 Example: A single particle moves in a central force field. Is its angular momentum conserved? Thus L = constant 2.4.3 Torque (力矩) and rotational law Torque is defined as force × its arm to O F r O Consider a particle with mass m attached to the end of a string and an applied force F acting on the particle perpendicularly垂直 to the string线. Which one is correct? ∴ ? = r (m a) = r m (r ?) (pure rotation) = m r2 ? = I ? I = m r2 is called moment of inertia 惯性or rotational inertia. ? = I? is called rotational law When the spool* (轮轴) is pulled to the right, will it roll toward the right left other, depends on … Rotational inertia Discrete masses Continuous masses For a system which contain many discrete masses So the definition of the rotational 转动的inertia惯性 for continuous masses becomes The SI unit of rotational inertia is kg?m2 The moment of inertia惯性 for specific shapes 1. Thin hoop(铁环) about symmetry axis对称轴 Where ? is line density which can be found as: R dl So 2. Disk or cylinder about symmetry axis MR2/2 dr r 2?r R 3. Thin rod about perpendicular axis through center The rotational kinetic energy Particle’s kinetic energy动能: The kinetic energy of rotation of the body should be the sum of kinetic energies taken over all the particles that make up the body. The angular momentum of a rigid body If v is a tangential velocity, and it is perpendicular to r, we could use the formula We have Real materials always yield （变形） to some extent under the influence of applied forces; we shall now develop models to describe the relation between the deformation (变形) of real materials and the forces responsible for the deformations. In this section, you will study the stress, strain and the moduli. 2.5.1 Stress (应力） The de