An Inroduction to Poetry.docVIP

An Introduction to Poetry 1. Kinds of Poetry 【In terms of content(内容)】: 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗） Songs（韵文)， odes （颂诗） ballads（民歌） 2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗） Epics (史诗) ( heroic poems) ballads（民谣） 3) Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗） usu. in dialogue; in blank verse 【In terms of metre(格律，韵律)】: 1) Metrical Poems（格律诗) Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines 2) Free Verse（自由诗） Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm; Irregular Number of Lines 3) Blank Verse（无韵诗） Without Rhyme; With Rhythm 2. Rhythm (韵律 节奏) The arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. The function of rhythm: 1) Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. 2) Poets use rhythm to emphasize meaning. 3.Rhyme (韵) The repetition of sounds in two or more words or phrases that appear close to each other in a poem. If the rhyme occurs at the end of lines, it is called end rhyme（尾韵）. If the rhyme occurs within a line, it is called internal rhyme（行间韵）. 4. Rhyme Scheme: A rhyme scheme is the pattern in a poem. 1) aabb（连续韵）: E.g. Work while you work, and play while you play, a For that is the way to be happy and gay. a All that you do, do with your might, b Things done by halves are never done right. b 2) abab（交叉韵）: E.g. How do you like to go up in a swing. a Up in the air so blue? b Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thing a Ever a child can do! b 5. Foot (音步） A rhythmic unit, a specific combination of stressed and unstressed syllables is called a foot. The common kinds of feet in English poetry are: 1) Iambus（抑扬格） Iambic Foot （抑扬音步） 2) Trochee （扬抑格） 3) Anapaest （抑抑扬格） 4) Dactyl （扬抑抑格） 5) Spondee （扬扬格） 6. Metre (韵律)（格律） The word metre means measure. The metre of a verse line is determined by the number of feet it contains. Therefore, according to the number of feet, a line is called: Mono-metre