Lecture2RulesoflanguageComparison.pptVIP

Language Comparisons 翻译的语言对比规律 Differences between English Chinese I. Semantic Differences II. Differences in Lexicology III. Syntactic Differences IV. Differences of Mode of Thinking English belongs to Indo-European language family or Indo-Germanic system (including Europe, Western Asia and India). Chinese belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family (including Chinese, Tibetan and Burmese). English is an alphabetic character (拼音文字). Chinese is an ideographic character (表意文字). English is a comprehensive language. So-called comprehensive language refers to that the meaning of the language is expressed by the change of the form of the word itself such as case, number, tense and so on. Chinese is an analytic language. So-called analytic language means that the relationship of words is expressed not by the form of word itself-----but by empty word ,particle and word order and so on. English sentences are well-knit, close and compact. In English, nouns, especially the abstract nouns and prepositions are widely used, just like a series of Grapes. Chinese sentences are concise and explicit. In Chinese, verbs are widely used, just like a Bamboo I. Semantic Differences 1. Full Correspondence Only found in generally adopted technical terms or coincidence among common words Radar=雷达 Tianjin University=天津大学 The U.S. State Department =美国国务院 The Pacific Ocean =太平洋 helicopter =直升飞机 China (中国), Germany (德国), New York (纽约)等专有名词， 日常生活中的事物名称的词，如： table（桌子）, watch (手表)，sun (太阳)等 以及科技英语的术语等： laser激光 ; aspirin 阿斯匹林 wife: 妻子，爱人，夫人，老婆，老伴，媳妇，堂客，内人，贱内 potato: 马铃薯，洋芋，土豆、山药蛋 人： human being, man, people, person 犬： dog, hound, pointer (猎犬) , puppy (幼犬) (3) one word----several equivalents of different meanings cousin: 堂兄，堂弟，表姐，表妹，堂姐，堂妹… 笑： smile, giggle(傻笑), laugh, ridicule, deride（讥笑）, guffaw (laugh very loudly)狂笑，哄笑 行： go, walk, travel; circulate; behavior, conduct; capable, competent 如对于morning 的翻译： Late in the morning 接近晌午 Early in the morning 一大早 Mi