英汉互译教程-英汉语言对比.ppt

* 那是个天气晴朗、金黄可爱的秋天，对于那些在和平时期的秋天树叶再度转黄之前将要失去青春、有的要失去生命的人们是一个动人的送别。 那是个天气晴朗、金黄可爱的秋天，动人的秋色为那些青年们送别。待到站后和平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，当日的青年已经失去了青春，有的失去了生命。 2. 前重心后重心 汉语: 前重心 left-extending heavy-headed 狮子型语言 英语: 后重心 right-extending heavy-tailed 孔雀型语言 Chinese: left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion 树 一棵树 一棵大树 一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 花园里一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 李家花园一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 同里镇李家花园一棵枝繁叶茂的大树 …… English: right-extendingheavy-tailed like a peacock This is the cat. This is the cat that killed the rat. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt（麦芽）. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack. … (1) 生活中既有悲剧,文学作品就可以写悲剧. Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.(先果后因) (2) 小国人民敢于起来斗争,敢于拿起武器,掌握自己国家的命运,就一定能够战胜大国的侵略. The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. (先“断言”后“条件”) 3.主体与客体 英语常选择不能施行动作或无生命事物的词语作主语。 英语重物称 被动语态 汉语注重思维的主体性，因此常常用人称词作主语 汉语重人称 主动语态 The thought of seeing her filled him with fear. 他一想到要见她，就感到万分恐惧。 A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilive in. 奥格尔维进门时带进来一缕雪茄烟雾。 他突然感到不寒而栗。 A chill of horror suddenly swept over him. 我经历了种种不幸。 Misfortunes accompanied me. 她突然有个好想法。 A good idea struck her. 被动语态与主动语态 (1) It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver. 长期以来，大家知道心脏与肝脏的关系是最主要的。 (2) New computers viruses and logic bombs are discov