美赛写作模及参赛经验分享.docVIP

Tittle of paper Summary/Abstract Key words: Introduction （引言） Organ transplantation is a preferable treatment for the most serious forms of end-stage diseases. In recent years, advances in medical science and technology have made solid organ transplantation an increasingly successful and common medical procedure, a literal second chance at life. Not only does it offer the best hope for complete rehabilitation, but it has also proved to be the most cost-effective of all treatment options, including dialysis. Consequently, more and more people are benefiting from organ transplants and their survival rates are steadily improving. The surgical techniques involved have been mastered for half a century and are now considered as routine. The two main sources of kidneys for transplantation are deceased-donor kidneys and live-donations from family and friends. However, unfortunately, there is a considerable shortage of donor organs, compared to demands. As a matter of fact, efficient matching and allocation of organs donated has become an exigent problem. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), as the operator of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN), is responsible for transplant organ distribution in the United States. UNOS oversees the allocation of many different types of transplants, including liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, lung, and cornea. Focusing on kidney transplantation, based on UNOS Kidney Allocation Model, we develop a mathematical model for US transplant networks. First, incoming organs are matched with waiting candidates by medical institutions considering the factors as ABO blood compatibility, the degree of recipient major HLA mismatch in order to obtain a matching degree applied on the allocation part. After that, from the patients’ perspective, on the basis of linear regression, priority weight is defined by pondering age, disease severity, time on waiting, PRA level, and region. Applying this mechanism