初中英语被语态专项讲解.docVIP

初中英语被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。：Chinese?is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。“_________＋________________________”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过______的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。各种时态的被动语态构成： 1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：Im asked to take care of myself. ?Football is played all over the world 2.一般过去时：was／were＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：This house was built in 1958. ? His leg was broken in an accident. 3.一般将来时：will／shall be＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：More factories will be built in our city. ? He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.  4.现在进行时：am／is／are being＋及物动词的过去分词. Eg：?A road is being built around the mountain. ?Many new houses are being built in this city 5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词? Eg：The meeting was being held when I was there. ? We were being trained this time last year.  6.现在完成时：have／has been＋及物动词的过去分词 Eg：His book has been translated into many foreign languages. ?The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词 Eg：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. ?8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Eg：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there. 三、主动语态变被动语态的方法： 1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。He plant trees in spring . Trees are planted by him in spring. 主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。 All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him. ※ 注意： 1). 间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加Eg:1.The story made us laugh . → We were made to laugh by the story.  2.The teacher let the little boy go home . → The little boy was let (to) go home . 4). 短语动词的被动语态： 一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但许多“不及物动词+副词或介词”构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态，但变被动语态后，不可把介词或副词漏掉。 Eg：1.He turned on the radio just now. →The radio