老年人糖尿病特点及治疗要求-shz.ppt

* 随年龄的增加不仅DM患病率增加,单纯餐后血糖升高的患者也明显增加 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population aged 20-94 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 5,628 randomly selected adults, aged 20-94 years, living in the Huayang and Caoyang communities in Shanghai, China, were investigated between 1998 and 2001. During 2002-04, 2,666 subjects were followed up. All the participants underwent anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical analyses and a 75-g OGTT. RESULTS: Based on the 2000 census data of China, the age-standardised prevalences were 6.87% for diabetes and 8.53% for IGR at baseline. More than two in five cases with diabetes were undiagnosed. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes and IGR increased with age. The age-adjusted prevalences of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and overweight in males were significantly higher (p 0.001) than in females. The 3-year cumulative incidence rates of diabetes and IGR were 4.96 and 11.10%, respectively. The relative risk of developing diabetes was significantly higher in subjects with IGR than in subjects with NGT (p 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The prevalence and incidence rates for diabetes or IGR have increased dramatically over the last decades, especially in younger age groups. A large proportion of cases are undiagnosed. We strongly recommend that population-based diabetes screening programmes should be implemented and generalised for younger people. * 岁年龄的增加,IGT明显增加 * * 对非糖尿病的患者来说，低血糖的定义还没有统一，教科书和文献里采用的低血糖的标准是不一致的，有2.5、2.8、3.0mmol/l，有的限制在空腹状态下，有的没有限制在空腹状态下。 美国ADA2005年低血糖工作组，对糖尿病的血糖值进行了修正，认为不管是不是空腹，只要低血糖的值≤3.9mmol/l就属低血糖范畴，而传统文献低血糖的值是2.8mmol/l，相差很多。 * 如果这只鳄鱼只有上颚没有下颚，它的危害性可能没有那么大。 有证据证明低血糖是血糖无法达标的重要障碍，低血糖是一个短期的、很快表现出来的临床症状。高血糖和低血糖构成了对糖尿病患者的严重的威胁。 * 低血糖的常见危险因素分为两大类： 一类是由于病理生理或生理状况决定的，这是人们无法改变的。 另一类的5个因素是可以改变的。 * 低血糖包括清醒低血糖和睡眠低血糖，DCCT研究中发现，睡眠低血糖占全部低血糖的一半，睡眠低血糖是不能察觉的，即便是在清醒状态下发生的低血糖也仅有一半是可以察觉的。 从这里我们就可以看出近3/4的低血糖的发生是