大学毕业论文-—汽车防撞测距报警系统的设计.docVIP

汽车防撞测距报警系统的设计 摘 要 近年来，我国道路交通安全形式越来越严峻，如果能够在事故发生前提醒驾驶员并采取一定的安全措施，就可以有效的减少交通事故的发生。汽车防撞测距报警系统正是基于提高车辆的主动安全性来实现在行车过程中，给驾驶员提供必要提示的设施。 本文设计了一个基于AT89C52单片机的汽车防撞测距报警系统，利用超声波测距传感器对汽车前方的障碍物进行检测，并把检测距离以数值的形式指示给驾驶员，达到危险距离时会发出急促的报警，防护距离可以利用键盘自由设定。其它三个方向利用光电传感器对障碍物进行检测，有障碍物时会把障碍物位置只是给驾驶员并发出急促的报警声。该系统电路结构简单，原理清晰，应用性比较强，性价比高。虽然测距范围有限，但是可扩展性比较强，其测距范围主要取决于传感器，可以选择其它型号的传感器来改变测距范围。 关键词：单片机；超声波；防撞；测距 Vehicle Collision Avoidance Warning System Design Range Abstract In recent years, more and more severe forms of road safety,we can effectively reduce traffic accidents if we can remind the driver to take certain safety measures before the accident. Automotive collision avoidance warning system is based on distance to improve the active safety of vehicles to achieve in driving the process, to prompt the driver to provide the necessary facilities. Paper is based on AT89C52 microcontroller vehicle collision avoidance warning system for distance, the system uses ultrasonic distance sensor to detect obstacles in front of cars, and the detection distance of a digital display to the driver, will be issued when the risk from rapid alarm, danger from the keyboard can be set freely. The other three directions using photoelectric sensors to detect obstacles, there is an obstruction to the driver will only obstacle position and issued a hasty alarm. That this system is simple, clear principles, application of relatively strong, cost-effective. Although limited in scope ranging, but relatively strong scalability, its working range depends primarily on sensors, you can choose other types of sensors to change the range. Keywords: monolithic integrated circuit; ultrasonic wave; crash; ranging 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 课题的意义 1 1.2 汽车防撞测距报警系统的设计内容 1 1.3 单片机简介及在系统中的应用 2 1.4 本文的内容安排 3 2 汽车防撞测距报警系统的总体方案设计 4 2.1 方案论证 4 2.1.1 测距传感器介绍 4 2.1.2 测距传感器的选择 5 2.1.3 系统方案 5 2.2 汽车防撞测距报警系统的硬件设计 6 2.3 汽车防撞测距报警系统的软件设计 6 2.4 可行性及性价比分析 8 3 汽车防撞测距报警系统的硬件设计 9 3.1 单片机及其基本电路 9 3.1.1 单片机及内部定时器/计数器 9 3.1.2 时钟电