Chapter 7当代世界经济.pptVIP

Chapter Seven Challenges to the Sustainable Development of the World Economy Key Points What are the major challenges confronting all nations? How polarized are the rich and the poor? And how are the differences measured? What is natural increase and natural decrease of population? Can the world natural resources sustain the rapid population growth? How have the industrialization and urbanization affected human life and far-reaching ecological changes? Why is pandemic disease a negative factor hindering the world economic development? What is sustainable economic development? How is it measured? 7.1 Unbalanced Economic Development Unevenness regarded by some economists as the single most important feature of the contemporary economic development The North and the South The tri-polar core of three regions 7.1.1 Measurement of Economic Unevenness and Inequality  Per Capita GDP $15,000 in all countries of North America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand between $1,000 and $7,000 in the rest of the world Human Development Index Human development index for gender Regional Unevenness and GINI Coefficient 7.1.2 Impact of Inequality and International Aid Inequalities are unjust economically wasteful and socially destabilizing High levels of income inequality are bad for growth weaken the rate at which growth is converted into poverty reduction they reduce the size of the economic pie and the size of the slice captured by the poor In particular many people, nations, and ethnic groups feel marginalized, exploited, and neglected Impact of Inequality and International Aid International aid is one of the most effective weapons in the war against poverty conditions for effective aid: in sufficient quantity to support human development take-off; delivered on a predictable, low transaction cost, value for money basis; Developing countries have primary responsibility for creating the conditions under which aid can yield optimal results Rich count