2016写作基础教材.docVIP

写作语法运用 句子分类 A 根据类型句子可分为四种：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 B 根据功能句子可分为四种：陈述句（五种结构：主＋谓、主＋谓＋宾、主＋谓＋双宾、主＋谓＋宾＋宾补、主＋系＋表）、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 1 简单句: 只包含一个主语和谓语的句子称为简单句, 两个或者两个以上并列主语或谓语,仍为简单句 Mary is majoring in economics at Harvard University. I enjoy playing badminton and look forward to it every weekend. My friends and i often play golf and go bowling on holidays. Everyone influences someone and is influenced by someone. Attitude and struggle are the key to success. 2 并列句: 包含两个或两个以上互不依从的主谓结构的句子称之为并列句.在意义上,各分句同等重要并相互关联,在语法结构上,它们平行且相互间没有从属关系.并列句各个分句常用一定的并列连词,连接副词或分号连接. In a full heart there is room for everything and in an empty heart there is room for nothing. I dislike jogging, but i like hiking. Punctuation is important; therefore, don’t forget to use a comma before the coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence. 3 复合句: 由一个主句和至少一个从句构成的句子称之为复合句.在复合句中,主句是句子的主体部分,从句只是句子的一个成分,不能独立存在,在句法关系上从属于主句.从句需要用关联词引导,来表明与主句的关系. Although many people were unknown to each other before, they have got acquainted with each other through e-mail. Most westerners who travel to the Orient for the first time will experience culture shock. Scientists wonder what effect global warming will have on the biosphere(生物圈). When you go for a job interview, it is important to create a good first impression. The present moment is the best gift that you give yourself. 4 并列复合句： 在并列句当中出现了复合句。 We are the nature’s greatest miracle and we have dreams and ambition which are important to everyone. 五大句型 1 S + V The price peaked in August. The number of immigrants fluctuated during the 1990s. Notions about euthanasia differ widely. 女教授的人数在1970年急剧下降。 人们对此事持有不同的见解。 随着经济迅猛的发展，环境也在不断恶化 deteriorate 全球一体化时代已经来临。 2 S + V + O Corporal punishment violates children’s dignity. Junk food impairs people’s physical health. Before airing my opinion, i will analyze the hot issue from diverse perspectives. Space research squanders our government’s limited public funds. 旅游有助于开阔我们的眼界。 跨文化交流有助于消除偏见和敌意。(prejudice and hostility) 居高不下