CHAPTER8BondsandTheirValuation课程.pptVIP

CHAPTER 7Bonds and Their Valuation Updated: * Key features of bonds Bond valuation Measuring yield Assessing risk What is a bond? A long-term debt instrument in which a borrower agrees to make payments of principal and interest, on specific dates, to the holders of the bond. Bond markets Primarily traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market. Most bonds are owned by and traded among large financial institutions. Full information on bond trades in the OTC market is not published, but a representative group of bonds is listed and traded on the bond division of the NYSE. Key Features of a Bond Par value – face amount of the bond, which is paid at maturity (assume $1,000). Coupon interest rate – stated interest rate (generally fixed) paid by the issuer. Multiply by par value to get dollar payment of interest. Maturity date – years until the bond must be repaid. Issue date – when the bond was issued. Yield to maturity - rate of return earned on a bond held until maturity (also called the “promised yield”). Effect of a call provision Allows issuer to refund the bond issue if rates decline (helps the issuer, but hurts the investor). Borrowers are willing to pay a higher interest rate, and lenders/investors require a higher rate, for callable bonds. Most bonds have a deferred call and a declining call premium. What is a sinking fund? Provision to pay off a loan over its life rather than all at maturity. Similar to amortization on a term loan. Reduces risk to investor, shortens average maturity. But not good for investors if rates decline after issuance. How are sinking funds executed? Call x% of the issue at par, for sinking fund purposes. Likely to be used if rd is below the coupon rate and the bond sells at a premium. Buy bonds in the open market. Likely to be used if rd is above the coupon rate and the bond sells at a discount. The value of financial assets Other types (features) of bonds Convertible bond – may be exchanged for common stock of the firm, at the holder