财务会计ch4课程.pptVIP

Chapter 6 存货丑闻 1963年，植物油价格猛跌，由于不能偿还贷款，某公司帝国彻底崩溃，致其于死地的即是公司的虚假存货。原来该公司以其高估的存货做贷款抵押，当它无力偿还贷款时，贷款人扣留了它的植物油，却发现号称的17亿磅的油实际只有1亿磅。而那个公司是将水压入植物油存储罐，油漂在水上面，很容易蒙骗核查人员。 “鱼塘里有多少鱼，我们也不知道” 蓝田股份有约20万亩大湖围养湖面及部分精养鱼池，仅水产品每年都卖几个亿，而且全都是现金交易。然而，鱼网围着的20万亩水面到底装了多少鱼？没有人能说清楚，也就没有人知道有多少存货了。 “鱼塘到底有多少鱼，到底能卖多少钱，我们只能借助专家的评估、预测。我们去的时候，也要求公司做评估。后来我们是在专家的评估判断后才签的字。”——华伦会计师事务所 请思考： 汽车销售公司的展览间里有两辆进口名车，除了红白颜色不同外，其他全部一样。红车于2月份订购，成本为￥226800，白车为3月份订购，成本为￥210600，差价由于汇率浮动所致。由于是同厂同型车，故两车的标价均为￥324000。一业务员对经理说：“若我卖出红车，公司只赚￥97200，但如果我卖出白车，并给予客户￥5400的折扣，公司还赚￥108000。现在刚好有个客户看上了红车，但我有把握在折扣￥5400内卖白车给他，既然如此，公司多得的￥10800，是否应该与我对分。”请问：经理应做何决定？能否采纳业务员的意见？ Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Link inventory valuation to gross profit. Use both perpetual and periodic inventory systems. Calculate the cost of merchandise acquired. Choose one of the four principal inventory valuation methods. Use the lower-of-cost-or-market method to value inventories. Show the effects of inventory errors on financial statements. Gross Profit andCost of Goods Sold An initial step in assessing profitability is gross profit (profit margin or gross margin), which is the difference between sales revenues and the costs of the goods sold. Products being held for resale are reported as inventory, a current asset. When the goods are sold, the costs of the inventory become an expense, Cost of Goods Sold. This expense is deducted from Net Sales to determine Gross Profit. Gross Profit andCost of Goods Sold The Basic Concept ofInventory Accounting The key to calculating cost of goods sold is accounting for the remaining inventory at the end of the year. Cost valuation - process of assigning specific historical costs to items counted in the physical inventory Multiply the number of items in ending inventory times the cost of each item. Perpetual and PeriodicInventory Systems Two main systems for keeping merchandise inventory records: Perpetual inventory system - a system that keeps a running, continuous