结构基础素材.ppt

第二章 材料结构基础Structure of Material 郑州大学 余晓容 xryu@zzu.edu.cn What are atomic structures and interatomic bonds? What are the equilibrium separation and the bonding energy between atoms? What is the difference in structures between crystalline and noncrystalline materials? What is solid solution? What is the characteristic of materials surface? 2-2 原子结构 (Atomic Structure) What are atomic structures and models, quantum numbers, electron configurations in atoms? 3. 原子模型 汤姆孙发表于 1904 年的梅子布丁模型，汤姆孙认为电子在原子中均匀排列，就像带正电布丁中的带负电梅子一样； 1911年卢瑟福模型，即原子的绝大部分质量都集中在小小的原子核中，原子的绝大部分都是真空。而电子则像行星围绕太阳运转一样