第三讲 探社会工作实务目标.pptVIP

一、关于实务目标的不同观点 1.Broad view: (NASW) Code of Ethics: “the primary mission of the social work profession is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic human needs of all people, with particular attention to the needs and empowerment of people who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.” 2.Narrow views: ①服务所在的系统确定的角色、方法和结果，如心理健康、收入维持、儿童福利等；②由服务方法所确定的目标：如认知和行为改变。 3.由社会工作者的社会处境(social location, or context)所确定的目标：Because social work is a living profession that deals with people in their environments, and is itself rooted in a socio-historical context, its purpose and mission not only change over time but also vary considerably in the same time across situations and settings. Tensions in social work practice（二、社会工作实务中的矛盾） 1. Social control and social change（社会控制与社会改变）： 社会工作者在一些社会机构中受到当局授权发挥社会控制的功能；在一些情况下，社会工作者致力改变基本的社会结构以实现社会变迁。 These two functions, control and change, are not inherently irreconcilable, but the ways in which they play out in their respective practice arenas tend to make them appear incompatible at times. ①Sometimes social worker’s functions is determined by their location. 社会工作者需要协调社会控制、社会变迁与自身的职业安全。 ②专业伦理变化的影响：社会工作在早期关注案主的道德状况，发挥社会控制功能；Jane Addams的工作使社会工作者开始考虑尊重案主的习俗和传统，同时帮助他们获得结构性资源。 社会工作与社会存在四种可能的关系模式 Social work as an agent of social control on behalf of society(社会工作代表社会作为社会控制的代理人）：对案主实施再社会化、改造。 Social work as a reformer of society（社会工作作为社会的改革者）：社会问题来自错误形成的社会结构，社会工作者通过社会行动、政治改革等策略改善或改革社会条件，促进社会在政治、经济、社会制度结构上的变迁。 Social work as separate from society(社会工作独立于社会）：临床实务以个人干预(individual treatment)为焦点、不关注社会变迁，对社会问题持中立立场(neutral stance)。 Social work as an intermediary between individuals and society（社会工作是个体与社会之间的调解者）：社会工作处于案主系统与社会环境之间的位置，协调它们之间的关系，强调社会功能(social functioning)过程的背景。 持有不同的关系模式会导致社会工作实务过程发生变化。 Tensions in social work practice（二、社会工作实务中的矛盾） 2. Acceptance and change(接纳和改变) This tension involves the degree to which the goal of social work is change, either in individual or environmental work, or acceptance, in some situations,