2. thomas pain.pptVIP

Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩 ( 1737-1809) 常识---至为珍贵的识见 “知识”不如“学识”；“学识”不如“才识”；“才识”不如“器识”；“器识”不如“胆识”；“胆识”不如“常识”。 “知识”(狭义)---人们的认识、经验或二者的总和。 “学识”--- 学术上的知识，也即学术上的修养(=学养) “才识”---人的才能和见识，也应包括才情在内 常识---至为珍贵的识见 “器识”---与一个人的气魄、度量、见识、器度、资质相关。从某种意义上说，器识就是一种大智慧。 “胆识”---胆量与见识的综合。在大多数人不敢说的怯懦时刻说出真相 富有胆识的知识分子，是读书人恒久的骄傲。 常识---在大多数人不明白的困惑时刻，说出真相 潘恩---《皇帝的新衣》中的那个小孩子 种种偏见---将认识对象意识形态化了 欺骗性质的言说，教科书给定的认知模式 “从来如此”---人们判断是非真伪的潜在依据， 难于逾越的智障。 “常识”，并说出“常识”的珍贵之处--- 告诉世人：皇帝并没有穿着衣服。 ?潘恩的《常识》--- 影响美国人的优秀读本， 他所言说的常识令人蓦然惊醒： 啊，原来是这样的啊。 ?在怀疑的摸索中，寻找真相 潘恩的语境对中国而言，最重要的是 说出常识，直面真相， 不被“从来如此”??的负面文化所桎梏， 把怀疑主义精神引进读书人的视野。 最有力的言说：“从来如此，便对么？” 鲁迅 散文家; 政治活动家; 美国的创建者之一; 悲剧性英雄; 没有一个人知道他的尸骨散落在何处，可是他的原则并没有安息，他的思想虽然也同他的遗骸一样难以追寻，却已传遍了他魂牵梦绕的整个世界。 Brief Biography On January 29, 1737, born in Thetford, England. His father, a corseter, had grand visions for his son, by the age of 12, failed out of school apprenticing for his father but again failed Brief Biography age 19, went to sea by 1768 , an excise (tax) officer in England not exactly excel at the role discharged from his post twice in four years Brief Biography as an inkling of what was to come published The Case of the Officers of Excise (1772) arguing for a pay raise for officers In 1774, by happenstance, he met Benjamin Franklin in London. who helped him emigrate to Philadelphia letters of recommendation Brief Biography landed at Philadelphia on November 30, 1774. Starting as a publicist, in the spring of 1775 African Slavery in America criticizing slavery in America as being unjust and inhumane. co-editor of the Pennsylvania Magazine On January 10, 1776 published Common Sense a strong defense of American Independence from England THE CRISIS  volunteered in the Continental Army started with the writing of his highly influential 16 American Crisis papers, pamphlet published between 1776 and 1783 inspired the Army so popular that as a percentage of the population, it was read by or read to more people than