1英美概况精讲讲义学生用.docVIP

“英语国家概况”笔记 Chapter 1第一章 Land, People and Climate英国的国土,人民 和气候I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II．2% of its population go in for agriculture (farmers). III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m). 本尼维斯山为英国最高峰，海拔1,343米。 Severn River is the longest river in Britain (338km). 塞文河是英国最长的河流。全长338公里。 Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km). 泰晤士河是英国第二大河，也是英国最重要的河。全长336公里。 Lough Neagh is the largest lake in Britain which is located in Northern Ireland. (396 square kilometres). 讷湖（内伊湖）是英国最大的湖，位于北爱尔兰。面积为396平方公里。 River Clyde is the most important river in Scotland. 克莱德河是苏格兰最重要的河流。 Snowdonia is the highest mountain in Wales.（1,085m） 斯诺多尼亚是威尔士的最高点，海拔1,085米。 IV. Clim