TheGravityofDarknessandtheDarkSideofGravity课程.pptVIP

The Gravity of Darkness and the Dark Side of Gravity 朱明中 Chu Ming-chung Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hello Darkness my old friend, I’ve come to talk about you again … Universe as we know it today Ordinary matter takes up ~5% of total mass; 95% of matter are dark matter matter accounts for 0.3 of total energy; 0.7 are ‘dark energy’ (vacuum energy) the universe is flat (k = 0) many new discoveries new questions The Gravity of Darkness and the Dark Side of Gravity Dark Matter – evidences Dark Energy – evidences The CUHK Models - Neutrino Stars - Dark Energy as a Signature of Extra Dimensions I. Dark Matter Evidences for Dark Matter If there were no dark matter: Galaxies 星系would be much smaller: most stars would have escaped Galaxy clusters 星系團could not have formed Hot gas surrounding most galaxy clusters would have escaped Galaxy collisions would look different 2. Galaxy Motion in Clusters Orbital velocities of galaxies inside a galaxy cluster →total mass of galaxy cluster Zwicky, Smith (1930s) Virgo and Coma Clusters have much larger mass than visible mass Evidences for Dark Matter Hot gas surrounding most galaxy clusters Galaxy motion in clusters Galactic rotation curves Galaxy collisions Dark matter could be … Baryonic dark matter: ordinary matter formed from protons, neutrons, electrons, etc. eg., planets、brown dwarfs、dark nebulae、black holes Non-baryonic dark matter: neutrinos、axions、supersymmetric partners (neutralinos, photinos, …) How are dark matter distributed? Make use of gravity: X-ray telescopes can be used to measure hot gas distribution →matter distribution Gravitational lens: General Relativity → light distorted by gravity → gravity ~ lens image of a far galaxy →distorted, multiple images → reconstruct mass distribution II. Dark Energy Hubble’s Law Fate of the universe: are there enough matter to stop its expansion？ Type IA Supernovae 超新星 Expl