聋校中学历史教学校本化探究..docVIP

聋校中学历史教学校本化探究杨新宇 内容摘要 聋教育由来已久，近年来聋教育的发展更是不断壮大。不过作为特殊教育中的一种，聋生在生理、心理上有其独有的特殊性，这种特殊性也决定了其历史课程教学的特殊性。然而就目前来讲，聋校中学历史课程教学中出现了诸多不利于聋生健康发展的问题。在以南京聋校为个案的研究中，发现这些问题主要集中表现在：课程功能上，过于注重知识传授的倾向，忽视聋生积极主动的学习态度的培养，没有认识到在获得历史基础知识与基本技能的过程同时成为学会学习和形成正确价值观的过程；课程内容上，存在“繁、难、偏、旧”和仅注重书本知识的现状，没有加强课程内容与聋生生活以及现代社会和科技发展的联系，缺乏关注聋生的学习兴趣和经验，没有精选聋生终身学习必备的基础知识和技能；教学过程中，过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练，没有强调倡导聋生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手，没有强调培养聋生搜集和处理信息的能力，获取新知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力以及交流和合作的能力；教学手段上，仅限于教材、粉笔、黑板、教学地图、投影仪，这样的教学手段大大地影响了教学效果；教学资源运用上，历史知识的过去性的特点，使聋生难于理解和想象。针对聋校中学历史教学中所出现的问题，南京聋校对此做出了一些有益的探索，提出并实施具有自身特点的校本化措施。在聋校实行中学历史课程教学的校本化改革有利于完成国家历史课程目标的任务，有利于聋生的身心得到健康发展，有利于提高教师素质和有利于创建学校特色。 关键词：聋校； 聋生；中学历史； 课程教学； 校本化Abstract Deaf education has a long history which developed quickly in recent years. As a kind of special education, the physiology and mentality of the deaf is unique. So the history teaching in deaf school is special to the students. But now in Middle School for the deaf, many disadvantages to the deaf’s health development has appeared in history teaching. In the individual cases in Nanjing School for the deaf, it is found that the problems mainly focus on the following factors: course function, course content, teaching procedure, teaching methods, and teaching aids First when practice the course function, focus too much attention on teaching knowledge, but ignore training students’ positive and active study attitude. It is not realized that the procedure is not only acquiring the elementary history knowledge and skills but also learning how to study and form right value system; second, the course content is numerous, difficult, partial and old , it emphasizes book knowledge, ignores the connections among course content, deaf students’ daily life modern society and science development. It is short of concerning about the students’ study interest and experience, it hasn’t carefully chosen the elementary knowledge and skills that is need for the students’ lifelong study; third, in teaching procedure, that passive study,