SJTU通原理概论课件2.pptVIP

Introduction to Communication Principles Course Name: Introduction to Communication Principles Course Code: EI211 Course Instructor: Dianguang Ma Text: Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 6th ed. by Leon W. Couch II, ISBN 0-13-081223-4 Contents: Chapters 1 – 4. CHAPTER 2 SIGNALS AND SPECTRA Chapter Objectives Basic signal properties (dc, rms, dBm, and power) Fourier transform and spectra Linear systems and linear distortion Bandlimited signals and sampling Discrete Fourier transform Bandwidth of signals 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE In communication systems, the received waveform is usually categorized into the desired part containing the information and the extraneous or undesired part. The desired part is called the signal, and the undesired part is called noise. 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE Practical waveforms that are physically realizable (i.e., measurable in a laboratory) satisfy several conditions: The waveform has significant (nonzero) values over a composite time interval that is finite. The spectrum of the waveform has significant values over a composite frequency interval that is finite. The waveform is a continuous function of time. The waveform has a finite peak value. The waveform has only real values. That is, at any time, it cannot have a complex value a + jb, where b is nonzero. Mathematical models that violate some or all of the conditions listed above are often used, and for one main reason – to simplify the mathematical analysis. 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE The time average operator is given by 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE The dc (“direct current”) value of a waveform w(t) is given by its time average, w(t). 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE Let v(t) denote the voltage across a set of circuit terminals, and let i(t) denote the current into the terminal. The instantaneous power associated with the circuit is given by 2-1 PROPERTIES OF SIGNALS AND NOISE The concept of normaliz