英语语言学Capter 3 Morphology.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Morphology Q1. What is morphology? Q2. A distinction is made between open class and closed class concerning the categorization of words in a language. How does this distinction relate itself to morphology in your opinion? Q3. Morpheme: free morpheme vs. bound morpheme; derivational morpheme vs. inflectional morpheme Q4. Affix: prefix vs. suffix Q5. Compounding and compounds Q1. What is morphology? Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. Q2. A distinction is made between open class and closed class concerning the categorization of words in a language. How does this distinction relate itself to morphology in your opinion? Open class words: content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. E.g. hacker, email, internet, surf, spam, blogsphere, songlifting (song+shoplifting), workaholic, surgiholic, tree-hugger Taikonaut, ginormous, fantabulous 菜鸟、驴友、枪手、做秀、粉丝、帖子、拍砖、下课、前卫、PK、丁克、爽、酷、饭局、充电、月光族、黄牛、房奴 Closed class words: grammatical or functional words, such as conjunction, articles, preposition and pronouns. “e” “偶” Q3: What is morpheme? Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit How many morphemes does each of the following words contain? boy, desire boyish, desirable boyishness, desirability gentlemanliness, undesirability antidisestablishmentarianism Free vs. bound morpheme Free morpheme is one that may constitute a word by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance. Bound morpheme is one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. They can not stand by themselves, such as “-s” in “dogs”, “-al” in “national”, “dis-” in “disclose”, “-ed” in “recorded”. Derivational vs. inflectional morpheme Derivational morphemes are morphemes which change the category or grammatical class of the words to which they are conjoined, or change their lexical or dictionary meaning. E.g. modern: modernize; length: lengthen; fool: foolish; do: un