《打瓜收获机械破皮取籽机构的设计》.doc

摘 要 籽瓜是新疆生产建设兵团重要的经济作物，在建设兵团的农业产业结构调整中占有重要地位。随着农业产业结构调整，籽瓜的种植规模越来越大，人力投入，生产成本的消耗等问题日益突出，因此，籽瓜产业的全程机械化亟需解决。目前，在籽瓜的收获环节：采取人工采摘、人工辅助集条机集条集堆、机械取籽配合作业，使得劳动强度大，劳动成本高。同时籽瓜成熟后因其特性不宜在田间放置过久，如逢秋雨霜冻，极易腐烂，另外籽瓜成熟时正是棉花、玉米、甜菜等大宗作物收获农忙之际，劳动力奇缺，给籽瓜人工收获带来很大困难 因此，有必要对籽瓜收获取籽环节机具及配套设备进行研究以解决籽瓜机械化收获问题。分析了目前在兵团广泛使用的几种籽瓜收获机械的基本结构及功能；并依据不同的工作机理，介绍了籽瓜捡拾装置、输送装置、取籽装置的基本类型和技术特点。 针对我国西部籽瓜加工劳动强度大、机械化程度低的现状，设计了籽瓜籽汁分离机。该分离机的设计思路为：将籽瓜初步粉碎、用辊轮将籽瓜完全压碎、使瓜瓤和瓜皮分离、排出瓜皮、用离心法将汁和瓜籽分离、最后收集瓜籽。本机的主要装置有破碎齿压碎辊轮、大滚筒棍刀、小滚筒、小滚筒辊刀和瓜籽的收集装置。本机结构简单紧凑，装载携带方便，能够大幅提高籽瓜的加工效率，适合于广大籽瓜种植农户推广使用。 关键词：籽瓜：破碎：压碎：脱籽 Abstract Watermelon is an important cash crop of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, plays an important role in the adjustment of agricultural structure and Construction Corps. With the structural adjustment of agricultural industry, watermelon planting scale more and more big, manpower, production cost and other issues have become increasingly prominent, therefore, mechanization to seed melon industry solution. At present, the harvesting seed watermelon: take artificial picking, artificial auxiliary set machine set a pile, machinery from seeds with the operation, the labor intensity, high labor cost. At the same time, because of its characteristics of watermelon maturity in the field should not be placed too long, as every autumn frost, highly perishable, besides watermelon maturity is cotton, corn, sugar beet and other bulk crop harvest time, labor shortage, has caused great difficulties to the watermelon artificial harvesting Therefore, it is necessary to harvest the seed melon seed link equipment and related equipment to research in order to solve the problem of seed watermelon harvest mechanization. Analysis of the basic structure and function are widely used in the corps a few seed watermelon harvesting machinery; and according to different working mechanism, introduces the basic types and characteristics of seed melon picking device, conveying device, seed takin